Probability of plan success
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Worst 10%
Bad-market path
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Median (middle 50%)
Typical path
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Best 10%
Good-market path
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How to read this
The dark gray band is the middle 80% of all 1,000 simulations — the realistic range of where your portfolio could end up. The green line is the median (the “most likely” outcome). Failures (paths where balance hit $0) are not redrawn; they pull the bottom band toward zero.
Anything below 80% success is considered fragile by most retirement researchers. 90%+ is the comfort zone. If you're below 80%, the levers that move the needle most are: (1) reduce withdrawal rate, (2) delay Social Security, (3) shift some portfolio into a guaranteed-income floor (annuity / bond ladder) so the market doesn't have to do all the work.
The 4% rule, examined. “4% of starting balance, adjusted for inflation, for 30 years” gave a ~95% success rate in U.S. historical backtests. Real-world today: starting valuations matter. Plug in your real numbers above — the answer is rarely the same as the textbook rule.
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